Modern cells are complex chemical entities with cytoskeletons, finely regulated internal and external molecules, and genetic material that determines nearly every aspect of their functioning. This ...

Sickle cell disease is caused by a single genetic mutation that alters the shape of red blood cells. While the condition ...

Cancer does not develop overnight. It can take decades for cancer‐promoting changes in the genome to eventually lead to the formation of a malignant tumor. Researchers at the German Cancer Research ...

A genomic atlas of Nematostella vectensis reveals how primitive animals created multiple cell types millions of years ago, ...

One of the biggest quests in biology is understanding how every cell in an animal’s body carries an identical genome yet still gives rise to a kaleidoscope of different cell types and tissues. A ...

In a study published in Developmental Cell, a team led by Prof. Robert K. Naumann from the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and researchers from BGI ...

Germinal centers are high-speed evolution machines. Tiny clusters in the lymph nodes, germinal centers refine antibodies through mutation and expansion until they produce high-affinity B cells adapted ...

The ability to evolve proteins with new or improved functions provides powerful applications for the development of selective, high-affinity antibodies, enzymes with new catalytic properties, and the ...

Plant regeneration relies on a delicate balance between stem cell renewal and differentiation, yet the evolutionary origin and functional limits of key regulators remain poorly understood. This study ...