Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

The pricing of an income annuity is typically described using either the monthly income amount it generates, or as the annual payout rate of the income received as a percentage of the premium amount.

Learn to calculate the Sharpe Ratio in Excel for insightful investment analysis. Our guide will help you assess risk versus ...

The bank discount rate is a calculation of the interest investors earn on short-term instruments such as Treasury bills.

Q. I have prepared projections for a proposed project, and I want to calculate the internal rate of return. Instead of using Excel’s IRR function, should I use simple math formulas so others can ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...

ROI is an important measure of an investment's performance but it has some drawbacks. Reviewed by Margaret James Fact checked by Jared Ecker Return on investment (ROI) is a ratio that measures the ...