Flashing two-phase flow dynamics describe the rapid phase change from liquid to vapour that occurs when a subcooled liquid is subjected to a sudden pressure drop. This phenomenon is of critical ...

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping sizing. Fluid velocity changes and the Joule-Thomson effect (affecting non-ideal ...

Traditional air and single-phase liquid cooling struggle at higher heat fluxes, driving up pump power, enlarging footprints and shortening component life. “Cooling the Current: Next-Generation Thermal ...

Beyond cold plates lies what’s sometimes called direct impingement, or direct liquid cooling (DLC), meaning that coolant ...