Scientists used Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) to visualize topological defects. They were able to do so by passing electrons and observing their deflections through a thin magnetic ...

An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart issue. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it develops in about 1 in 1,859 babies in the United States. An atrial septal ...

Defect states refer to electronic energy levels that arise from imperfections or irregularities in the crystal structure of materials, particularly in semiconductors and insulators. These ...

Defect inspection scientists from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong make a thorough review of new perspectives and ...

An atrial septal defect is an opening or hole in the wall that sits between the heart’s two upper chambers. The heart’s upper chambers are called the right and left atria. Some people refer to atrial ...