Michael Rosenston is a fact-checker and researcher with expertise in business, finance, and insurance. Investopedia / Julie Bang A Z-test is a hypothesis test that helps an investor gauge the average ...

Z-score is an extremely useful technique not only for screening, but also for stock picking and portfolio structuring. A backtest shows that using a composite Z-score, based on PC, PTBV and PE ratios, ...

Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more than 20 years of experience in various areas including investing, insurance portfolio management, finance and accounting, personal investment and financial ...

Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...